| rev |
line source |
|
bos@559
|
1 <!-- vim: set filetype=docbkxml shiftwidth=2 autoindent expandtab tw=77 : -->
|
|
bos@559
|
2
|
|
bos@559
|
3 <chapter id="cha:collab">
|
|
bos@572
|
4 <?dbhtml filename="collaborating-with-other-people.html"?>
|
|
bos@559
|
5 <title>Collaborating with other people</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
6
|
|
bos@584
|
7 <para id="x_44a">As a completely decentralised tool, Mercurial doesn't impose
|
|
bos@559
|
8 any policy on how people ought to work with each other. However,
|
|
bos@559
|
9 if you're new to distributed revision control, it helps to have
|
|
bos@559
|
10 some tools and examples in mind when you're thinking about
|
|
bos@559
|
11 possible workflow models.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
12
|
|
bos@559
|
13 <sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
14 <title>Mercurial's web interface</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
15
|
|
bos@584
|
16 <para id="x_44b">Mercurial has a powerful web interface that provides several
|
|
bos@559
|
17 useful capabilities.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
18
|
|
bos@584
|
19 <para id="x_44c">For interactive use, the web interface lets you browse a
|
|
bos@559
|
20 single repository or a collection of repositories. You can view
|
|
bos@559
|
21 the history of a repository, examine each change (comments and
|
|
bos@675
|
22 diffs), and view the contents of each directory and file. You
|
|
bos@675
|
23 can even get a view of history that gives a graphical view of
|
|
bos@675
|
24 the relationships between individual changes and merges.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
25
|
|
bos@675
|
26 <para id="x_44d">Also for human consumption, the web interface provides
|
|
bos@675
|
27 Atom and RSS feeds of the changes in a repository. This lets you
|
|
bos@674
|
28 <quote>subscribe</quote> to a repository using your favorite
|
|
bos@559
|
29 feed reader, and be automatically notified of activity in that
|
|
bos@559
|
30 repository as soon as it happens. I find this capability much
|
|
bos@559
|
31 more convenient than the model of subscribing to a mailing list
|
|
bos@559
|
32 to which notifications are sent, as it requires no additional
|
|
bos@559
|
33 configuration on the part of whoever is serving the
|
|
bos@559
|
34 repository.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
35
|
|
bos@584
|
36 <para id="x_44e">The web interface also lets remote users clone a repository,
|
|
bos@559
|
37 pull changes from it, and (when the server is configured to
|
|
bos@559
|
38 permit it) push changes back to it. Mercurial's HTTP tunneling
|
|
bos@559
|
39 protocol aggressively compresses data, so that it works
|
|
bos@559
|
40 efficiently even over low-bandwidth network connections.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
41
|
|
bos@584
|
42 <para id="x_44f">The easiest way to get started with the web interface is to
|
|
bos@559
|
43 use your web browser to visit an existing repository, such as
|
|
bos@559
|
44 the master Mercurial repository at <ulink
|
|
bos@675
|
45 url="http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg</ulink>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
46
|
|
bos@592
|
47 <para id="x_450">If you're interested in providing a web interface
|
|
bos@675
|
48 to your own repositories, there are several good ways to do
|
|
bos@675
|
49 this.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
50
|
|
bos@675
|
51 <para>The easiest and fastest way to get started in an informal
|
|
bos@675
|
52 environment is to use the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
|
|
bos@592
|
53 serve</command> command, which is best suited to short-term
|
|
bos@592
|
54 <quote>lightweight</quote> serving. See <xref
|
|
bos@559
|
55 linkend="sec:collab:serve"/> below for details of how to use
|
|
bos@675
|
56 this command.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
57
|
|
bos@675
|
58 <para>For longer-lived repositories that you'd like to have
|
|
bos@675
|
59 permanently available, there are several public hosting services
|
|
bos@675
|
60 available.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
61
|
|
bos@675
|
62 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@675
|
63 <listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
64 <para>Bitbucket, at <ulink
|
|
bos@675
|
65 url="http://bitbucket.org/">http://bitbucket.org/</ulink>,
|
|
bos@675
|
66 provides free hosting for open source projects, and paid
|
|
bos@675
|
67 hosting for commercial projects.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
68 </listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
69 </itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@675
|
70
|
|
bos@675
|
71 <para>If you would prefer to host your own repositories, Mercurial
|
|
bos@675
|
72 has built-in support for several popular hosting technologies,
|
|
bos@675
|
73 most notably CGI (Common Gateway Interface), and WSGI (Web
|
|
bos@675
|
74 Services Gateway Interface). See <xref
|
|
bos@675
|
75 linkend="sec:collab:cgi"/> for details of CGI and WSGI
|
|
bos@559
|
76 configuration.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
77 </sect1>
|
|
bos@675
|
78
|
|
bos@559
|
79 <sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
80 <title>Collaboration models</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
81
|
|
bos@584
|
82 <para id="x_451">With a suitably flexible tool, making decisions about
|
|
bos@559
|
83 workflow is much more of a social engineering challenge than a
|
|
bos@559
|
84 technical one. Mercurial imposes few limitations on how you can
|
|
bos@559
|
85 structure the flow of work in a project, so it's up to you and
|
|
bos@559
|
86 your group to set up and live with a model that matches your own
|
|
bos@559
|
87 particular needs.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
88
|
|
bos@559
|
89 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
90 <title>Factors to keep in mind</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
91
|
|
bos@584
|
92 <para id="x_452">The most important aspect of any model that you must keep
|
|
bos@559
|
93 in mind is how well it matches the needs and capabilities of
|
|
bos@559
|
94 the people who will be using it. This might seem
|
|
bos@559
|
95 self-evident; even so, you still can't afford to forget it for
|
|
bos@559
|
96 a moment.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
97
|
|
bos@584
|
98 <para id="x_453">I once put together a workflow model that seemed to make
|
|
bos@559
|
99 perfect sense to me, but that caused a considerable amount of
|
|
bos@559
|
100 consternation and strife within my development team. In spite
|
|
bos@559
|
101 of my attempts to explain why we needed a complex set of
|
|
bos@559
|
102 branches, and how changes ought to flow between them, a few
|
|
bos@559
|
103 team members revolted. Even though they were smart people,
|
|
bos@559
|
104 they didn't want to pay attention to the constraints we were
|
|
bos@559
|
105 operating under, or face the consequences of those constraints
|
|
bos@559
|
106 in the details of the model that I was advocating.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
107
|
|
bos@584
|
108 <para id="x_454">Don't sweep foreseeable social or technical problems under
|
|
bos@559
|
109 the rug. Whatever scheme you put into effect, you should plan
|
|
bos@559
|
110 for mistakes and problem scenarios. Consider adding automated
|
|
bos@559
|
111 machinery to prevent, or quickly recover from, trouble that
|
|
bos@559
|
112 you can anticipate. As an example, if you intend to have a
|
|
bos@559
|
113 branch with not-for-release changes in it, you'd do well to
|
|
bos@559
|
114 think early about the possibility that someone might
|
|
bos@559
|
115 accidentally merge those changes into a release branch. You
|
|
bos@559
|
116 could avoid this particular problem by writing a hook that
|
|
bos@559
|
117 prevents changes from being merged from an inappropriate
|
|
bos@559
|
118 branch.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
119 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
120
|
|
bos@559
|
121 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
122 <title>Informal anarchy</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
123
|
|
bos@584
|
124 <para id="x_455">I wouldn't suggest an <quote>anything goes</quote>
|
|
bos@559
|
125 approach as something sustainable, but it's a model that's
|
|
bos@559
|
126 easy to grasp, and it works perfectly well in a few unusual
|
|
bos@559
|
127 situations.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
128
|
|
bos@584
|
129 <para id="x_456">As one example, many projects have a loose-knit group of
|
|
bos@559
|
130 collaborators who rarely physically meet each other. Some
|
|
bos@559
|
131 groups like to overcome the isolation of working at a distance
|
|
bos@674
|
132 by organizing occasional <quote>sprints</quote>. In a sprint,
|
|
bos@559
|
133 a number of people get together in a single location (a
|
|
bos@559
|
134 company's conference room, a hotel meeting room, that kind of
|
|
bos@559
|
135 place) and spend several days more or less locked in there,
|
|
bos@559
|
136 hacking intensely on a handful of projects.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
137
|
|
bos@675
|
138 <para id="x_457">A sprint or a hacking session in a coffee shop are the perfect places to use the
|
|
bos@592
|
139 <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command> command, since
|
|
bos@592
|
140 <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command> does not require any
|
|
bos@592
|
141 fancy server infrastructure. You can get started with
|
|
bos@592
|
142 <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command> in moments, by
|
|
bos@592
|
143 reading <xref linkend="sec:collab:serve"/> below. Then simply
|
|
bos@592
|
144 tell the person next to you that you're running a server, send
|
|
bos@592
|
145 the URL to them in an instant message, and you immediately
|
|
bos@592
|
146 have a quick-turnaround way to work together. They can type
|
|
bos@592
|
147 your URL into their web browser and quickly review your
|
|
bos@592
|
148 changes; or they can pull a bugfix from you and verify it; or
|
|
bos@592
|
149 they can clone a branch containing a new feature and try it
|
|
bos@592
|
150 out.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
151
|
|
bos@675
|
152 <para id="x_458">The charm, and the problem, with doing things
|
|
bos@675
|
153 in an ad hoc fashion like this is that only people who know
|
|
bos@675
|
154 about your changes, and where they are, can see them. Such an
|
|
bos@675
|
155 informal approach simply doesn't scale beyond a handful
|
|
bos@675
|
156 people, because each individual needs to know about
|
|
bos@675
|
157 <emphasis>n</emphasis> different repositories to pull
|
|
bos@675
|
158 from.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
159 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
160
|
|
bos@559
|
161 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
162 <title>A single central repository</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
163
|
|
bos@584
|
164 <para id="x_459">For smaller projects migrating from a centralised revision
|
|
bos@559
|
165 control tool, perhaps the easiest way to get started is to
|
|
bos@559
|
166 have changes flow through a single shared central repository.
|
|
bos@559
|
167 This is also the most common <quote>building block</quote> for
|
|
bos@559
|
168 more ambitious workflow schemes.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
169
|
|
bos@584
|
170 <para id="x_45a">Contributors start by cloning a copy of this repository.
|
|
bos@559
|
171 They can pull changes from it whenever they need to, and some
|
|
bos@559
|
172 (perhaps all) developers have permission to push a change back
|
|
bos@559
|
173 when they're ready for other people to see it.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
174
|
|
bos@584
|
175 <para id="x_45b">Under this model, it can still often make sense for people
|
|
bos@559
|
176 to pull changes directly from each other, without going
|
|
bos@559
|
177 through the central repository. Consider a case in which I
|
|
bos@559
|
178 have a tentative bug fix, but I am worried that if I were to
|
|
bos@559
|
179 publish it to the central repository, it might subsequently
|
|
bos@559
|
180 break everyone else's trees as they pull it. To reduce the
|
|
bos@559
|
181 potential for damage, I can ask you to clone my repository
|
|
bos@559
|
182 into a temporary repository of your own and test it. This
|
|
bos@559
|
183 lets us put off publishing the potentially unsafe change until
|
|
bos@559
|
184 it has had a little testing.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
185
|
|
bos@675
|
186 <para id="x_45c">If a team is hosting its own repository in this
|
|
bos@675
|
187 kind of scenario, people will usually use the
|
|
bos@675
|
188 <command>ssh</command> protocol to securely push changes to
|
|
bos@675
|
189 the central repository, as documented in <xref
|
|
bos@592
|
190 linkend="sec:collab:ssh"/>. It's also usual to publish a
|
|
bos@675
|
191 read-only copy of the repository over HTTP, as in
|
|
bos@675
|
192 <xref linkend="sec:collab:cgi"/>. Publishing over HTTP
|
|
bos@675
|
193 satisfies the needs of people who don't have push access, and
|
|
bos@675
|
194 those who want to use web browsers to browse the repository's
|
|
bos@675
|
195 history.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
196 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
197
|
|
bos@675
|
198 <sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
199 <title>A hosted central repository</title>
|
|
bos@675
|
200
|
|
bos@675
|
201 <para>A wonderful thing about public hosting services like
|
|
bos@675
|
202 <ulink url="http://bitbucket.org/">Bitbucket</ulink> is that
|
|
bos@675
|
203 not only do they handle the fiddly server configuration
|
|
bos@675
|
204 details, such as user accounts, authentication, and secure
|
|
bos@675
|
205 wire protocols, they provide additional infrastructure to make
|
|
bos@675
|
206 this model work well.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
207
|
|
bos@675
|
208 <para>For instance, a well-engineered hosting service will let
|
|
bos@675
|
209 people clone their own copies of a repository with a single
|
|
bos@675
|
210 click. This lets people work in separate spaces and share
|
|
bos@675
|
211 their changes when they're ready.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
212
|
|
bos@675
|
213 <para>In addition, a good hosting service will let people
|
|
bos@675
|
214 communicate with each other, for instance to say <quote>there
|
|
bos@675
|
215 are changes ready for you to review in this
|
|
bos@675
|
216 tree</quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
217 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
218
|
|
bos@559
|
219 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
220 <title>Working with multiple branches</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
221
|
|
bos@584
|
222 <para id="x_45d">Projects of any significant size naturally tend to make
|
|
bos@559
|
223 progress on several fronts simultaneously. In the case of
|
|
bos@559
|
224 software, it's common for a project to go through periodic
|
|
bos@559
|
225 official releases. A release might then go into
|
|
bos@559
|
226 <quote>maintenance mode</quote> for a while after its first
|
|
bos@559
|
227 publication; maintenance releases tend to contain only bug
|
|
bos@559
|
228 fixes, not new features. In parallel with these maintenance
|
|
bos@559
|
229 releases, one or more future releases may be under
|
|
bos@559
|
230 development. People normally use the word
|
|
bos@559
|
231 <quote>branch</quote> to refer to one of these many slightly
|
|
bos@559
|
232 different directions in which development is
|
|
bos@559
|
233 proceeding.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
234
|
|
bos@584
|
235 <para id="x_45e">Mercurial is particularly well suited to managing a number
|
|
bos@559
|
236 of simultaneous, but not identical, branches. Each
|
|
bos@559
|
237 <quote>development direction</quote> can live in its own
|
|
bos@559
|
238 central repository, and you can merge changes from one to
|
|
bos@559
|
239 another as the need arises. Because repositories are
|
|
bos@559
|
240 independent of each other, unstable changes in a development
|
|
bos@559
|
241 branch will never affect a stable branch unless someone
|
|
bos@675
|
242 explicitly merges those changes into the stable branch.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
243
|
|
bos@584
|
244 <para id="x_45f">Here's an example of how this can work in practice. Let's
|
|
bos@559
|
245 say you have one <quote>main branch</quote> on a central
|
|
bos@567
|
246 server.</para>
|
|
bos@567
|
247
|
|
bos@567
|
248 &interaction.branching.init;
|
|
bos@567
|
249
|
|
bos@584
|
250 <para id="x_460">People clone it, make changes locally, test them, and push
|
|
bos@567
|
251 them back.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
252
|
|
bos@584
|
253 <para id="x_461">Once the main branch reaches a release milestone, you can
|
|
bos@559
|
254 use the <command role="hg-cmd">hg tag</command> command to
|
|
bos@567
|
255 give a permanent name to the milestone revision.</para>
|
|
bos@567
|
256
|
|
bos@567
|
257 &interaction.branching.tag;
|
|
bos@567
|
258
|
|
bos@584
|
259 <para id="x_462">Let's say some ongoing
|
|
bos@567
|
260 development occurs on the main branch.</para>
|
|
bos@567
|
261
|
|
bos@567
|
262 &interaction.branching.main;
|
|
bos@567
|
263
|
|
bos@584
|
264 <para id="x_463">Using the tag that was recorded at the milestone, people
|
|
bos@567
|
265 who clone that repository at any time in the future can use
|
|
bos@567
|
266 <command role="hg-cmd">hg update</command> to get a copy of
|
|
bos@567
|
267 the working directory exactly as it was when that tagged
|
|
bos@567
|
268 revision was committed.</para>
|
|
bos@567
|
269
|
|
bos@567
|
270 &interaction.branching.update;
|
|
bos@559
|
271
|
|
bos@584
|
272 <para id="x_464">In addition, immediately after the main branch is tagged,
|
|
bos@675
|
273 we can then clone the main branch on the server to a new
|
|
bos@567
|
274 <quote>stable</quote> branch, also on the server.</para>
|
|
bos@567
|
275
|
|
bos@567
|
276 &interaction.branching.clone;
|
|
bos@559
|
277
|
|
bos@675
|
278 <para id="x_465">If we need to make a change to the stable
|
|
bos@675
|
279 branch, we can then clone <emphasis>that</emphasis>
|
|
bos@675
|
280 repository, make our changes, commit, and push our changes
|
|
bos@675
|
281 back there.</para>
|
|
bos@567
|
282
|
|
bos@567
|
283 &interaction.branching.stable;
|
|
bos@567
|
284
|
|
bos@584
|
285 <para id="x_466">Because Mercurial repositories are independent, and
|
|
bos@567
|
286 Mercurial doesn't move changes around automatically, the
|
|
bos@567
|
287 stable and main branches are <emphasis>isolated</emphasis>
|
|
bos@675
|
288 from each other. The changes that we made on the main branch
|
|
bos@567
|
289 don't <quote>leak</quote> to the stable branch, and vice
|
|
bos@567
|
290 versa.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
291
|
|
bos@675
|
292 <para id="x_467">We'll often want all of our bugfixes on the stable
|
|
bos@559
|
293 branch to show up on the main branch, too. Rather than
|
|
bos@675
|
294 rewrite a bugfix on the main branch, we can simply pull and
|
|
bos@559
|
295 merge changes from the stable to the main branch, and
|
|
bos@675
|
296 Mercurial will bring those bugfixes in for us.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
297
|
|
bos@675
|
298 &interaction.branching.merge;
|
|
bos@675
|
299
|
|
bos@675
|
300 <para id="x_468">The main branch will still contain changes that
|
|
bos@675
|
301 are not on the stable branch, but it will also contain all of
|
|
bos@675
|
302 the bugfixes from the stable branch. The stable branch
|
|
bos@675
|
303 remains unaffected by these changes, since changes are only
|
|
bos@675
|
304 flowing from the stable to the main branch, and not the other
|
|
bos@675
|
305 way.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
306 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
307
|
|
bos@559
|
308 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
309 <title>Feature branches</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
310
|
|
bos@584
|
311 <para id="x_469">For larger projects, an effective way to manage change is
|
|
bos@559
|
312 to break up a team into smaller groups. Each group has a
|
|
bos@559
|
313 shared branch of its own, cloned from a single
|
|
bos@559
|
314 <quote>master</quote> branch used by the entire project.
|
|
bos@559
|
315 People working on an individual branch are typically quite
|
|
bos@559
|
316 isolated from developments on other branches.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
317
|
|
bos@591
|
318 <figure id="fig:collab:feature-branches">
|
|
bos@591
|
319 <title>Feature branches</title>
|
|
bos@591
|
320 <mediaobject>
|
|
dongsheng@655
|
321 <imageobject><imagedata width="100%" fileref="figs/feature-branches.png"/></imageobject>
|
|
bos@591
|
322 <textobject><phrase>XXX add text</phrase></textobject>
|
|
bos@591
|
323 </mediaobject>
|
|
bos@591
|
324 </figure>
|
|
bos@559
|
325
|
|
bos@584
|
326 <para id="x_46b">When a particular feature is deemed to be in suitable
|
|
bos@559
|
327 shape, someone on that feature team pulls and merges from the
|
|
bos@559
|
328 master branch into the feature branch, then pushes back up to
|
|
bos@559
|
329 the master branch.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
330 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
331
|
|
bos@559
|
332 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
333 <title>The release train</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
334
|
|
bos@674
|
335 <para id="x_46c">Some projects are organized on a <quote>train</quote>
|
|
bos@559
|
336 basis: a release is scheduled to happen every few months, and
|
|
bos@559
|
337 whatever features are ready when the <quote>train</quote> is
|
|
bos@559
|
338 ready to leave are allowed in.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
339
|
|
bos@584
|
340 <para id="x_46d">This model resembles working with feature branches. The
|
|
bos@559
|
341 difference is that when a feature branch misses a train,
|
|
bos@559
|
342 someone on the feature team pulls and merges the changes that
|
|
bos@559
|
343 went out on that train release into the feature branch, and
|
|
bos@559
|
344 the team continues its work on top of that release so that
|
|
bos@559
|
345 their feature can make the next release.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
346 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
347
|
|
bos@559
|
348 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
349 <title>The Linux kernel model</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
350
|
|
bos@584
|
351 <para id="x_46e">The development of the Linux kernel has a shallow
|
|
bos@559
|
352 hierarchical structure, surrounded by a cloud of apparent
|
|
bos@559
|
353 chaos. Because most Linux developers use
|
|
bos@559
|
354 <command>git</command>, a distributed revision control tool
|
|
bos@559
|
355 with capabilities similar to Mercurial, it's useful to
|
|
bos@559
|
356 describe the way work flows in that environment; if you like
|
|
bos@559
|
357 the ideas, the approach translates well across tools.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
358
|
|
bos@584
|
359 <para id="x_46f">At the center of the community sits Linus Torvalds, the
|
|
bos@559
|
360 creator of Linux. He publishes a single source repository
|
|
bos@559
|
361 that is considered the <quote>authoritative</quote> current
|
|
bos@559
|
362 tree by the entire developer community. Anyone can clone
|
|
bos@559
|
363 Linus's tree, but he is very choosy about whose trees he pulls
|
|
bos@559
|
364 from.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
365
|
|
bos@584
|
366 <para id="x_470">Linus has a number of <quote>trusted lieutenants</quote>.
|
|
bos@559
|
367 As a general rule, he pulls whatever changes they publish, in
|
|
bos@559
|
368 most cases without even reviewing those changes. Some of
|
|
bos@559
|
369 those lieutenants are generally agreed to be
|
|
bos@559
|
370 <quote>maintainers</quote>, responsible for specific
|
|
bos@559
|
371 subsystems within the kernel. If a random kernel hacker wants
|
|
bos@559
|
372 to make a change to a subsystem that they want to end up in
|
|
bos@559
|
373 Linus's tree, they must find out who the subsystem's
|
|
bos@559
|
374 maintainer is, and ask that maintainer to take their change.
|
|
bos@559
|
375 If the maintainer reviews their changes and agrees to take
|
|
bos@559
|
376 them, they'll pass them along to Linus in due course.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
377
|
|
bos@584
|
378 <para id="x_471">Individual lieutenants have their own approaches to
|
|
bos@559
|
379 reviewing, accepting, and publishing changes; and for deciding
|
|
bos@559
|
380 when to feed them to Linus. In addition, there are several
|
|
bos@559
|
381 well known branches that people use for different purposes.
|
|
bos@559
|
382 For example, a few people maintain <quote>stable</quote>
|
|
bos@559
|
383 repositories of older versions of the kernel, to which they
|
|
bos@559
|
384 apply critical fixes as needed. Some maintainers publish
|
|
bos@559
|
385 multiple trees: one for experimental changes; one for changes
|
|
bos@559
|
386 that they are about to feed upstream; and so on. Others just
|
|
bos@559
|
387 publish a single tree.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
388
|
|
bos@584
|
389 <para id="x_472">This model has two notable features. The first is that
|
|
bos@559
|
390 it's <quote>pull only</quote>. You have to ask, convince, or
|
|
bos@559
|
391 beg another developer to take a change from you, because there
|
|
bos@559
|
392 are almost no trees to which more than one person can push,
|
|
bos@559
|
393 and there's no way to push changes into a tree that someone
|
|
bos@559
|
394 else controls.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
395
|
|
bos@584
|
396 <para id="x_473">The second is that it's based on reputation and acclaim.
|
|
bos@559
|
397 If you're an unknown, Linus will probably ignore changes from
|
|
bos@559
|
398 you without even responding. But a subsystem maintainer will
|
|
bos@559
|
399 probably review them, and will likely take them if they pass
|
|
bos@559
|
400 their criteria for suitability. The more <quote>good</quote>
|
|
bos@559
|
401 changes you contribute to a maintainer, the more likely they
|
|
bos@559
|
402 are to trust your judgment and accept your changes. If you're
|
|
bos@559
|
403 well-known and maintain a long-lived branch for something
|
|
bos@559
|
404 Linus hasn't yet accepted, people with similar interests may
|
|
bos@559
|
405 pull your changes regularly to keep up with your work.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
406
|
|
bos@584
|
407 <para id="x_474">Reputation and acclaim don't necessarily cross subsystem
|
|
bos@559
|
408 or <quote>people</quote> boundaries. If you're a respected
|
|
bos@559
|
409 but specialised storage hacker, and you try to fix a
|
|
bos@559
|
410 networking bug, that change will receive a level of scrutiny
|
|
bos@559
|
411 from a network maintainer comparable to a change from a
|
|
bos@559
|
412 complete stranger.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
413
|
|
bos@584
|
414 <para id="x_475">To people who come from more orderly project backgrounds,
|
|
bos@559
|
415 the comparatively chaotic Linux kernel development process
|
|
bos@559
|
416 often seems completely insane. It's subject to the whims of
|
|
bos@559
|
417 individuals; people make sweeping changes whenever they deem
|
|
bos@559
|
418 it appropriate; and the pace of development is astounding.
|
|
bos@559
|
419 And yet Linux is a highly successful, well-regarded piece of
|
|
bos@559
|
420 software.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
421 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
422
|
|
bos@559
|
423 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
424 <title>Pull-only versus shared-push collaboration</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
425
|
|
bos@584
|
426 <para id="x_476">A perpetual source of heat in the open source community is
|
|
bos@559
|
427 whether a development model in which people only ever pull
|
|
bos@559
|
428 changes from others is <quote>better than</quote> one in which
|
|
bos@559
|
429 multiple people can push changes to a shared
|
|
bos@559
|
430 repository.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
431
|
|
bos@584
|
432 <para id="x_477">Typically, the backers of the shared-push model use tools
|
|
bos@559
|
433 that actively enforce this approach. If you're using a
|
|
bos@559
|
434 centralised revision control tool such as Subversion, there's
|
|
bos@559
|
435 no way to make a choice over which model you'll use: the tool
|
|
bos@559
|
436 gives you shared-push, and if you want to do anything else,
|
|
bos@559
|
437 you'll have to roll your own approach on top (such as applying
|
|
bos@559
|
438 a patch by hand).</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
439
|
|
bos@675
|
440 <para id="x_478">A good distributed revision control tool will
|
|
bos@675
|
441 support both models. You and your collaborators can then
|
|
bos@675
|
442 structure how you work together based on your own needs and
|
|
bos@675
|
443 preferences, not on what contortions your tools force you
|
|
bos@675
|
444 into.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
445 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
446 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
447 <title>Where collaboration meets branch management</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
448
|
|
bos@592
|
449 <para id="x_479">Once you and your team set up some shared
|
|
bos@592
|
450 repositories and start propagating changes back and forth
|
|
bos@592
|
451 between local and shared repos, you begin to face a related,
|
|
bos@592
|
452 but slightly different challenge: that of managing the
|
|
bos@592
|
453 multiple directions in which your team may be moving at once.
|
|
bos@592
|
454 Even though this subject is intimately related to how your
|
|
bos@592
|
455 team collaborates, it's dense enough to merit treatment of its
|
|
bos@592
|
456 own, in <xref linkend="chap:branch"/>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
457 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
458 </sect1>
|
|
bos@675
|
459
|
|
bos@559
|
460 <sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
461 <title>The technical side of sharing</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
462
|
|
bos@584
|
463 <para id="x_47a">The remainder of this chapter is devoted to the question of
|
|
bos@675
|
464 sharing changes with your collaborators.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
465 </sect1>
|
|
bos@675
|
466
|
|
bos@559
|
467 <sect1 id="sec:collab:serve">
|
|
bos@559
|
468 <title>Informal sharing with <command role="hg-cmd">hg
|
|
bos@559
|
469 serve</command></title>
|
|
bos@559
|
470
|
|
bos@584
|
471 <para id="x_47b">Mercurial's <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
472 command is wonderfully suited to small, tight-knit, and
|
|
bos@559
|
473 fast-paced group environments. It also provides a great way to
|
|
bos@559
|
474 get a feel for using Mercurial commands over a network.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
475
|
|
bos@584
|
476 <para id="x_47c">Run <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command> inside a
|
|
bos@559
|
477 repository, and in under a second it will bring up a specialised
|
|
bos@559
|
478 HTTP server; this will accept connections from any client, and
|
|
bos@559
|
479 serve up data for that repository until you terminate it.
|
|
bos@559
|
480 Anyone who knows the URL of the server you just started, and can
|
|
bos@559
|
481 talk to your computer over the network, can then use a web
|
|
bos@559
|
482 browser or Mercurial to read data from that repository. A URL
|
|
bos@559
|
483 for a <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command> instance running
|
|
bos@559
|
484 on a laptop is likely to look something like
|
|
bos@559
|
485 <literal>http://my-laptop.local:8000/</literal>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
486
|
|
bos@584
|
487 <para id="x_47d">The <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command> command is
|
|
bos@559
|
488 <emphasis>not</emphasis> a general-purpose web server. It can do
|
|
bos@559
|
489 only two things:</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
490 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
491 <listitem><para id="x_47e">Allow people to browse the history of the
|
|
bos@559
|
492 repository it's serving, from their normal web
|
|
bos@559
|
493 browsers.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
494 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
495 <listitem><para id="x_47f">Speak Mercurial's wire protocol, so that people
|
|
bos@559
|
496 can <command role="hg-cmd">hg clone</command> or <command
|
|
bos@559
|
497 role="hg-cmd">hg pull</command> changes from that
|
|
bos@559
|
498 repository.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
499 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
500 <para id="x_480">In particular, <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
501 won't allow remote users to <emphasis>modify</emphasis> your
|
|
bos@559
|
502 repository. It's intended for read-only use.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
503
|
|
bos@584
|
504 <para id="x_481">If you're getting started with Mercurial, there's nothing to
|
|
bos@559
|
505 prevent you from using <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
506 to serve up a repository on your own computer, then use commands
|
|
bos@559
|
507 like <command role="hg-cmd">hg clone</command>, <command
|
|
bos@559
|
508 role="hg-cmd">hg incoming</command>, and so on to talk to that
|
|
bos@559
|
509 server as if the repository was hosted remotely. This can help
|
|
bos@559
|
510 you to quickly get acquainted with using commands on
|
|
bos@559
|
511 network-hosted repositories.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
512
|
|
bos@559
|
513 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
514 <title>A few things to keep in mind</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
515
|
|
bos@584
|
516 <para id="x_482">Because it provides unauthenticated read access to all
|
|
bos@559
|
517 clients, you should only use <command role="hg-cmd">hg
|
|
bos@559
|
518 serve</command> in an environment where you either don't
|
|
bos@559
|
519 care, or have complete control over, who can access your
|
|
bos@559
|
520 network and pull data from your repository.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
521
|
|
bos@584
|
522 <para id="x_483">The <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command> command
|
|
bos@559
|
523 knows nothing about any firewall software you might have
|
|
bos@559
|
524 installed on your system or network. It cannot detect or
|
|
bos@559
|
525 control your firewall software. If other people are unable to
|
|
bos@559
|
526 talk to a running <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
527 instance, the second thing you should do
|
|
bos@559
|
528 (<emphasis>after</emphasis> you make sure that they're using
|
|
bos@559
|
529 the correct URL) is check your firewall configuration.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
530
|
|
bos@584
|
531 <para id="x_484">By default, <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
532 listens for incoming connections on port 8000. If another
|
|
bos@559
|
533 process is already listening on the port you want to use, you
|
|
bos@559
|
534 can specify a different port to listen on using the <option
|
|
bos@559
|
535 role="hg-opt-serve">-p</option> option.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
536
|
|
bos@584
|
537 <para id="x_485">Normally, when <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
538 starts, it prints no output, which can be a bit unnerving. If
|
|
bos@559
|
539 you'd like to confirm that it is indeed running correctly, and
|
|
bos@559
|
540 find out what URL you should send to your collaborators, start
|
|
bos@559
|
541 it with the <option role="hg-opt-global">-v</option>
|
|
bos@559
|
542 option.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
543 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
544 </sect1>
|
|
bos@675
|
545
|
|
bos@559
|
546 <sect1 id="sec:collab:ssh">
|
|
bos@559
|
547 <title>Using the Secure Shell (ssh) protocol</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
548
|
|
bos@584
|
549 <para id="x_486">You can pull and push changes securely over a network
|
|
bos@559
|
550 connection using the Secure Shell (<literal>ssh</literal>)
|
|
bos@559
|
551 protocol. To use this successfully, you may have to do a little
|
|
bos@559
|
552 bit of configuration on the client or server sides.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
553
|
|
bos@675
|
554 <para id="x_487">If you're not familiar with ssh, it's the name of
|
|
bos@675
|
555 both a command and a network protocol that let you securely
|
|
bos@675
|
556 communicate with another computer. To use it with Mercurial,
|
|
bos@675
|
557 you'll be setting up one or more user accounts on a server so
|
|
bos@675
|
558 that remote users can log in and execute commands.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
559
|
|
bos@584
|
560 <para id="x_488">(If you <emphasis>are</emphasis> familiar with ssh, you'll
|
|
bos@559
|
561 probably find some of the material that follows to be elementary
|
|
bos@559
|
562 in nature.)</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
563
|
|
bos@559
|
564 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
565 <title>How to read and write ssh URLs</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
566
|
|
bos@584
|
567 <para id="x_489">An ssh URL tends to look like this:</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
568 <programlisting>ssh://bos@hg.serpentine.com:22/hg/hgbook</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
569 <orderedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
570 <listitem><para id="x_48a">The <quote><literal>ssh://</literal></quote>
|
|
bos@559
|
571 part tells Mercurial to use the ssh protocol.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
572 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
573 <listitem><para id="x_48b">The <quote><literal>bos@</literal></quote>
|
|
bos@559
|
574 component indicates what username to log into the server
|
|
bos@559
|
575 as. You can leave this out if the remote username is the
|
|
bos@559
|
576 same as your local username.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
577 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
578 <listitem><para id="x_48c">The
|
|
bos@559
|
579 <quote><literal>hg.serpentine.com</literal></quote> gives
|
|
bos@559
|
580 the hostname of the server to log into.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
581 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
582 <listitem><para id="x_48d">The <quote>:22</quote> identifies the port
|
|
bos@559
|
583 number to connect to the server on. The default port is
|
|
bos@579
|
584 22, so you only need to specify a colon and port number if
|
|
bos@579
|
585 you're <emphasis>not</emphasis> using port 22.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
586 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
587 <listitem><para id="x_48e">The remainder of the URL is the local path to
|
|
bos@559
|
588 the repository on the server.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
589 </listitem></orderedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
590
|
|
bos@584
|
591 <para id="x_48f">There's plenty of scope for confusion with the path
|
|
bos@559
|
592 component of ssh URLs, as there is no standard way for tools
|
|
bos@559
|
593 to interpret it. Some programs behave differently than others
|
|
bos@559
|
594 when dealing with these paths. This isn't an ideal situation,
|
|
bos@559
|
595 but it's unlikely to change. Please read the following
|
|
bos@559
|
596 paragraphs carefully.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
597
|
|
bos@584
|
598 <para id="x_490">Mercurial treats the path to a repository on the server as
|
|
bos@559
|
599 relative to the remote user's home directory. For example, if
|
|
bos@559
|
600 user <literal>foo</literal> on the server has a home directory
|
|
bos@559
|
601 of <filename class="directory">/home/foo</filename>, then an
|
|
bos@559
|
602 ssh URL that contains a path component of <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
603 class="directory">bar</filename> <emphasis>really</emphasis>
|
|
bos@559
|
604 refers to the directory <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
605 class="directory">/home/foo/bar</filename>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
606
|
|
bos@584
|
607 <para id="x_491">If you want to specify a path relative to another user's
|
|
bos@559
|
608 home directory, you can use a path that starts with a tilde
|
|
bos@559
|
609 character followed by the user's name (let's call them
|
|
bos@559
|
610 <literal>otheruser</literal>), like this.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
611 <programlisting>ssh://server/~otheruser/hg/repo</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
612
|
|
bos@584
|
613 <para id="x_492">And if you really want to specify an
|
|
bos@559
|
614 <emphasis>absolute</emphasis> path on the server, begin the
|
|
bos@559
|
615 path component with two slashes, as in this example.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
616 <programlisting>ssh://server//absolute/path</programlisting>
|
|
bos@675
|
617 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
618
|
|
bos@559
|
619 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
620 <title>Finding an ssh client for your system</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
621
|
|
bos@584
|
622 <para id="x_493">Almost every Unix-like system comes with OpenSSH
|
|
bos@559
|
623 preinstalled. If you're using such a system, run
|
|
bos@559
|
624 <literal>which ssh</literal> to find out if the
|
|
bos@559
|
625 <command>ssh</command> command is installed (it's usually in
|
|
bos@559
|
626 <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>). In the
|
|
bos@559
|
627 unlikely event that it isn't present, take a look at your
|
|
bos@559
|
628 system documentation to figure out how to install it.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
629
|
|
bos@675
|
630 <para id="x_494">On Windows, the TortoiseHg package is bundled
|
|
bos@675
|
631 with a version of Simon Tatham's excellent
|
|
bos@675
|
632 <command>plink</command> command, and you should not need to
|
|
bos@675
|
633 do any further configuration.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
634 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
635
|
|
bos@675
|
636 <sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
637 <title>Generating a key pair</title>
|
|
bos@675
|
638
|
|
bos@675
|
639 <para id="x_499">To avoid the need to repetitively type a
|
|
bos@675
|
640 password every time you need to use your ssh client, I
|
|
bos@675
|
641 recommend generating a key pair.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
642
|
|
bos@675
|
643 <tip>
|
|
bos@675
|
644 <title>Key pairs are not mandatory</title>
|
|
bos@675
|
645
|
|
bos@675
|
646 <para>Mercurial knows nothing about ssh authentication or key
|
|
bos@675
|
647 pairs. You can, if you like, safely ignore this section and
|
|
bos@675
|
648 the one that follows until you grow tired of repeatedly
|
|
bos@675
|
649 typing ssh passwords.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
650 </tip>
|
|
bos@675
|
651
|
|
bos@559
|
652 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@675
|
653 <listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
654 <para>On a Unix-like system, the
|
|
bos@675
|
655 <command>ssh-keygen</command> command will do the
|
|
bos@675
|
656 trick.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
657 <para>On Windows, if you're using TortoiseHg, you may need
|
|
bos@675
|
658 to download a command named <command>puttygen</command>
|
|
bos@675
|
659 from <ulink
|
|
bos@675
|
660 url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty">the
|
|
bos@675
|
661 PuTTY web site</ulink> to generate a key pair. See
|
|
bos@675
|
662 <ulink
|
|
bos@675
|
663 url="http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter8.html#pubkey-puttygen">the
|
|
bos@675
|
664 <command>puttygen</command> documentation</ulink> for
|
|
bos@675
|
665 details of how use the command.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
666 </listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
667 </itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
668
|
|
bos@584
|
669 <para id="x_49a">When you generate a key pair, it's usually
|
|
bos@559
|
670 <emphasis>highly</emphasis> advisable to protect it with a
|
|
bos@559
|
671 passphrase. (The only time that you might not want to do this
|
|
bos@559
|
672 is when you're using the ssh protocol for automated tasks on a
|
|
bos@559
|
673 secure network.)</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
674
|
|
bos@584
|
675 <para id="x_49b">Simply generating a key pair isn't enough, however.
|
|
bos@559
|
676 You'll need to add the public key to the set of authorised
|
|
bos@559
|
677 keys for whatever user you're logging in remotely as. For
|
|
bos@559
|
678 servers using OpenSSH (the vast majority), this will mean
|
|
bos@559
|
679 adding the public key to a list in a file called <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
680 role="special">authorized_keys</filename> in their <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
681 role="special" class="directory">.ssh</filename>
|
|
bos@559
|
682 directory.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
683
|
|
bos@584
|
684 <para id="x_49c">On a Unix-like system, your public key will have a
|
|
bos@559
|
685 <filename>.pub</filename> extension. If you're using
|
|
bos@559
|
686 <command>puttygen</command> on Windows, you can save the
|
|
bos@559
|
687 public key to a file of your choosing, or paste it from the
|
|
bos@559
|
688 window it's displayed in straight into the <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
689 role="special">authorized_keys</filename> file.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
690 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
691 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
692 <title>Using an authentication agent</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
693
|
|
bos@584
|
694 <para id="x_49d">An authentication agent is a daemon that stores
|
|
bos@559
|
695 passphrases in memory (so it will forget passphrases if you
|
|
bos@559
|
696 log out and log back in again). An ssh client will notice if
|
|
bos@559
|
697 it's running, and query it for a passphrase. If there's no
|
|
bos@559
|
698 authentication agent running, or the agent doesn't store the
|
|
bos@559
|
699 necessary passphrase, you'll have to type your passphrase
|
|
bos@559
|
700 every time Mercurial tries to communicate with a server on
|
|
bos@559
|
701 your behalf (e.g. whenever you pull or push changes).</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
702
|
|
bos@584
|
703 <para id="x_49e">The downside of storing passphrases in an agent is that
|
|
bos@559
|
704 it's possible for a well-prepared attacker to recover the
|
|
bos@559
|
705 plain text of your passphrases, in some cases even if your
|
|
bos@559
|
706 system has been power-cycled. You should make your own
|
|
bos@559
|
707 judgment as to whether this is an acceptable risk. It
|
|
bos@559
|
708 certainly saves a lot of repeated typing.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
709
|
|
bos@675
|
710 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@675
|
711 <listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
712 <para id="x_49f">On Unix-like systems, the agent is called
|
|
bos@675
|
713 <command>ssh-agent</command>, and it's often run
|
|
bos@675
|
714 automatically for you when you log in. You'll need to use
|
|
bos@675
|
715 the <command>ssh-add</command> command to add passphrases
|
|
bos@675
|
716 to the agent's store.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
717 </listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
718 <listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
719 <para>On Windows, if you're using TortoiseHg, the
|
|
bos@675
|
720 <command>pageant</command> command acts as the agent. As
|
|
bos@675
|
721 with <command>puttygen</command>, you'll need to <ulink
|
|
bos@675
|
722 url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/%7Esgtatham/putty/download.html">download
|
|
bos@675
|
723 <command>pageant</command></ulink> from the PuTTY web
|
|
bos@675
|
724 site and read <ulink
|
|
bos@675
|
725 url="http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter9.html#pageant">its
|
|
bos@675
|
726 documentation</ulink>. The <command>pageant</command>
|
|
bos@675
|
727 command adds an icon to your system tray that will let you
|
|
bos@675
|
728 manage stored passphrases.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
729 </listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
730 </itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@675
|
731 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
732
|
|
bos@559
|
733 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
734 <title>Configuring the server side properly</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
735
|
|
bos@584
|
736 <para id="x_4a0">Because ssh can be fiddly to set up if you're new to it,
|
|
bos@675
|
737 a variety of things can go wrong. Add Mercurial
|
|
bos@559
|
738 on top, and there's plenty more scope for head-scratching.
|
|
bos@559
|
739 Most of these potential problems occur on the server side, not
|
|
bos@559
|
740 the client side. The good news is that once you've gotten a
|
|
bos@559
|
741 configuration working, it will usually continue to work
|
|
bos@559
|
742 indefinitely.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
743
|
|
bos@584
|
744 <para id="x_4a1">Before you try using Mercurial to talk to an ssh server,
|
|
bos@559
|
745 it's best to make sure that you can use the normal
|
|
bos@559
|
746 <command>ssh</command> or <command>putty</command> command to
|
|
bos@559
|
747 talk to the server first. If you run into problems with using
|
|
bos@559
|
748 these commands directly, Mercurial surely won't work. Worse,
|
|
bos@559
|
749 it will obscure the underlying problem. Any time you want to
|
|
bos@559
|
750 debug ssh-related Mercurial problems, you should drop back to
|
|
bos@559
|
751 making sure that plain ssh client commands work first,
|
|
bos@559
|
752 <emphasis>before</emphasis> you worry about whether there's a
|
|
bos@559
|
753 problem with Mercurial.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
754
|
|
bos@584
|
755 <para id="x_4a2">The first thing to be sure of on the server side is that
|
|
bos@559
|
756 you can actually log in from another machine at all. If you
|
|
bos@559
|
757 can't use <command>ssh</command> or <command>putty</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
758 to log in, the error message you get may give you a few hints
|
|
bos@559
|
759 as to what's wrong. The most common problems are as
|
|
bos@559
|
760 follows.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
761 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
762 <listitem><para id="x_4a3">If you get a <quote>connection refused</quote>
|
|
bos@559
|
763 error, either there isn't an SSH daemon running on the
|
|
bos@559
|
764 server at all, or it's inaccessible due to firewall
|
|
bos@559
|
765 configuration.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
766 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
767 <listitem><para id="x_4a4">If you get a <quote>no route to host</quote>
|
|
bos@559
|
768 error, you either have an incorrect address for the server
|
|
bos@559
|
769 or a seriously locked down firewall that won't admit its
|
|
bos@559
|
770 existence at all.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
771 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
772 <listitem><para id="x_4a5">If you get a <quote>permission denied</quote>
|
|
bos@559
|
773 error, you may have mistyped the username on the server,
|
|
bos@559
|
774 or you could have mistyped your key's passphrase or the
|
|
bos@559
|
775 remote user's password.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
776 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
777 <para id="x_4a6">In summary, if you're having trouble talking to the
|
|
bos@559
|
778 server's ssh daemon, first make sure that one is running at
|
|
bos@559
|
779 all. On many systems it will be installed, but disabled, by
|
|
bos@559
|
780 default. Once you're done with this step, you should then
|
|
bos@559
|
781 check that the server's firewall is configured to allow
|
|
bos@559
|
782 incoming connections on the port the ssh daemon is listening
|
|
bos@559
|
783 on (usually 22). Don't worry about more exotic possibilities
|
|
bos@559
|
784 for misconfiguration until you've checked these two
|
|
bos@559
|
785 first.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
786
|
|
bos@584
|
787 <para id="x_4a7">If you're using an authentication agent on the client side
|
|
bos@559
|
788 to store passphrases for your keys, you ought to be able to
|
|
bos@559
|
789 log into the server without being prompted for a passphrase or
|
|
bos@559
|
790 a password. If you're prompted for a passphrase, there are a
|
|
bos@559
|
791 few possible culprits.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
792 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
793 <listitem><para id="x_4a8">You might have forgotten to use
|
|
bos@559
|
794 <command>ssh-add</command> or <command>pageant</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
795 to store the passphrase.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
796 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
797 <listitem><para id="x_4a9">You might have stored the passphrase for the
|
|
bos@559
|
798 wrong key.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
799 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
800 <para id="x_4aa">If you're being prompted for the remote user's password,
|
|
bos@559
|
801 there are another few possible problems to check.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
802 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
803 <listitem><para id="x_4ab">Either the user's home directory or their
|
|
bos@559
|
804 <filename role="special" class="directory">.ssh</filename>
|
|
bos@559
|
805 directory might have excessively liberal permissions. As
|
|
bos@559
|
806 a result, the ssh daemon will not trust or read their
|
|
bos@559
|
807 <filename role="special">authorized_keys</filename> file.
|
|
bos@559
|
808 For example, a group-writable home or <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
809 role="special" class="directory">.ssh</filename>
|
|
bos@559
|
810 directory will often cause this symptom.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
811 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
812 <listitem><para id="x_4ac">The user's <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
813 role="special">authorized_keys</filename> file may have
|
|
bos@559
|
814 a problem. If anyone other than the user owns or can write
|
|
bos@559
|
815 to that file, the ssh daemon will not trust or read
|
|
bos@559
|
816 it.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
817 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
818
|
|
bos@584
|
819 <para id="x_4ad">In the ideal world, you should be able to run the
|
|
bos@559
|
820 following command successfully, and it should print exactly
|
|
bos@559
|
821 one line of output, the current date and time.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
822 <programlisting>ssh myserver date</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
823
|
|
bos@584
|
824 <para id="x_4ae">If, on your server, you have login scripts that print
|
|
bos@559
|
825 banners or other junk even when running non-interactive
|
|
bos@559
|
826 commands like this, you should fix them before you continue,
|
|
bos@559
|
827 so that they only print output if they're run interactively.
|
|
bos@559
|
828 Otherwise these banners will at least clutter up Mercurial's
|
|
bos@559
|
829 output. Worse, they could potentially cause problems with
|
|
bos@559
|
830 running Mercurial commands remotely. Mercurial makes tries to
|
|
bos@559
|
831 detect and ignore banners in non-interactive
|
|
bos@559
|
832 <command>ssh</command> sessions, but it is not foolproof. (If
|
|
bos@559
|
833 you're editing your login scripts on your server, the usual
|
|
bos@559
|
834 way to see if a login script is running in an interactive
|
|
bos@559
|
835 shell is to check the return code from the command
|
|
bos@559
|
836 <literal>tty -s</literal>.)</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
837
|
|
bos@584
|
838 <para id="x_4af">Once you've verified that plain old ssh is working with
|
|
bos@559
|
839 your server, the next step is to ensure that Mercurial runs on
|
|
bos@559
|
840 the server. The following command should run
|
|
bos@559
|
841 successfully:</para>
|
|
bos@580
|
842
|
|
bos@559
|
843 <programlisting>ssh myserver hg version</programlisting>
|
|
bos@580
|
844
|
|
bos@584
|
845 <para id="x_4b0">If you see an error message instead of normal <command
|
|
bos@559
|
846 role="hg-cmd">hg version</command> output, this is usually
|
|
bos@559
|
847 because you haven't installed Mercurial to <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
848 class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>. Don't worry if this
|
|
bos@559
|
849 is the case; you don't need to do that. But you should check
|
|
bos@559
|
850 for a few possible problems.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
851 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
852 <listitem><para id="x_4b1">Is Mercurial really installed on the server at
|
|
bos@559
|
853 all? I know this sounds trivial, but it's worth
|
|
bos@559
|
854 checking!</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
855 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
856 <listitem><para id="x_4b2">Maybe your shell's search path (usually set
|
|
bos@559
|
857 via the <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable) is
|
|
bos@559
|
858 simply misconfigured.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
859 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
860 <listitem><para id="x_4b3">Perhaps your <envar>PATH</envar> environment
|
|
bos@559
|
861 variable is only being set to point to the location of the
|
|
bos@559
|
862 <command>hg</command> executable if the login session is
|
|
bos@559
|
863 interactive. This can happen if you're setting the path
|
|
bos@559
|
864 in the wrong shell login script. See your shell's
|
|
bos@559
|
865 documentation for details.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
866 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
867 <listitem><para id="x_4b4">The <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment
|
|
bos@559
|
868 variable may need to contain the path to the Mercurial
|
|
bos@559
|
869 Python modules. It might not be set at all; it could be
|
|
bos@559
|
870 incorrect; or it may be set only if the login is
|
|
bos@559
|
871 interactive.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
872 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
873
|
|
bos@584
|
874 <para id="x_4b5">If you can run <command role="hg-cmd">hg version</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
875 over an ssh connection, well done! You've got the server and
|
|
bos@559
|
876 client sorted out. You should now be able to use Mercurial to
|
|
bos@559
|
877 access repositories hosted by that username on that server.
|
|
bos@559
|
878 If you run into problems with Mercurial and ssh at this point,
|
|
bos@559
|
879 try using the <option role="hg-opt-global">--debug</option>
|
|
bos@559
|
880 option to get a clearer picture of what's going on.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
881 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
882 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
883 <title>Using compression with ssh</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
884
|
|
bos@584
|
885 <para id="x_4b6">Mercurial does not compress data when it uses the ssh
|
|
bos@559
|
886 protocol, because the ssh protocol can transparently compress
|
|
bos@672
|
887 data. However, the default behavior of ssh clients is
|
|
bos@559
|
888 <emphasis>not</emphasis> to request compression.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
889
|
|
bos@584
|
890 <para id="x_4b7">Over any network other than a fast LAN (even a wireless
|
|
bos@559
|
891 network), using compression is likely to significantly speed
|
|
bos@559
|
892 up Mercurial's network operations. For example, over a WAN,
|
|
bos@559
|
893 someone measured compression as reducing the amount of time
|
|
bos@559
|
894 required to clone a particularly large repository from 51
|
|
bos@559
|
895 minutes to 17 minutes.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
896
|
|
bos@584
|
897 <para id="x_4b8">Both <command>ssh</command> and <command>plink</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
898 accept a <option role="cmd-opt-ssh">-C</option> option which
|
|
bos@559
|
899 turns on compression. You can easily edit your <filename
|
|
bos@580
|
900 role="special">~/.hgrc</filename> to enable compression for
|
|
bos@675
|
901 all of Mercurial's uses of the ssh protocol. Here is how to
|
|
bos@675
|
902 do so for regular <command>ssh</command> on Unix-like systems,
|
|
bos@675
|
903 for example.</para>
|
|
bos@579
|
904 <programlisting>[ui]
|
|
bos@579
|
905 ssh = ssh -C</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
906
|
|
bos@675
|
907 <para id="x_4b9">If you use <command>ssh</command> on a
|
|
bos@675
|
908 Unix-like system, you can configure it to always use
|
|
bos@675
|
909 compression when talking to your server. To do this, edit
|
|
bos@675
|
910 your <filename role="special">.ssh/config</filename> file
|
|
bos@675
|
911 (which may not yet exist), as follows.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
912
|
|
bos@579
|
913 <programlisting>Host hg
|
|
bos@579
|
914 Compression yes
|
|
bos@579
|
915 HostName hg.example.com</programlisting>
|
|
bos@675
|
916
|
|
bos@675
|
917 <para id="x_4ba">This defines a hostname alias,
|
|
bos@675
|
918 <literal>hg</literal>. When you use that hostname on the
|
|
bos@675
|
919 <command>ssh</command> command line or in a Mercurial
|
|
bos@675
|
920 <literal>ssh</literal>-protocol URL, it will cause
|
|
bos@559
|
921 <command>ssh</command> to connect to
|
|
bos@559
|
922 <literal>hg.example.com</literal> and use compression. This
|
|
bos@559
|
923 gives you both a shorter name to type and compression, each of
|
|
bos@559
|
924 which is a good thing in its own right.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
925 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
926 </sect1>
|
|
bos@675
|
927
|
|
bos@559
|
928 <sect1 id="sec:collab:cgi">
|
|
bos@559
|
929 <title>Serving over HTTP using CGI</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
930
|
|
bos@675
|
931 <para>The simplest way to host one or more repositories in a
|
|
bos@675
|
932 permanent way is to use a web server and Mercurial's CGI
|
|
bos@675
|
933 support.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
934
|
|
bos@584
|
935 <para id="x_4bb">Depending on how ambitious you are, configuring Mercurial's
|
|
bos@559
|
936 CGI interface can take anything from a few moments to several
|
|
bos@559
|
937 hours.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
938
|
|
bos@584
|
939 <para id="x_4bc">We'll begin with the simplest of examples, and work our way
|
|
bos@559
|
940 towards a more complex configuration. Even for the most basic
|
|
bos@559
|
941 case, you're almost certainly going to need to read and modify
|
|
bos@559
|
942 your web server's configuration.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
943
|
|
bos@559
|
944 <note>
|
|
bos@675
|
945 <title>High pain tolerance required</title>
|
|
bos@675
|
946
|
|
bos@675
|
947 <para id="x_4bd">Configuring a web server is a complex, fiddly,
|
|
bos@675
|
948 and highly system-dependent activity. I can't possibly give
|
|
bos@675
|
949 you instructions that will cover anything like all of the
|
|
bos@675
|
950 cases you will encounter. Please use your discretion and
|
|
bos@675
|
951 judgment in following the sections below. Be prepared to make
|
|
bos@675
|
952 plenty of mistakes, and to spend a lot of time reading your
|
|
bos@675
|
953 server's error logs.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
954
|
|
bos@675
|
955 <para>If you don't have a strong stomach for tweaking
|
|
bos@675
|
956 configurations over and over, or a compelling need to host
|
|
bos@675
|
957 your own services, you might want to try one of the public
|
|
bos@675
|
958 hosting services that I mentioned earlier.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
959 </note>
|
|
bos@559
|
960
|
|
bos@559
|
961 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
962 <title>Web server configuration checklist</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
963
|
|
bos@584
|
964 <para id="x_4be">Before you continue, do take a few moments to check a few
|
|
bos@559
|
965 aspects of your system's setup.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
966
|
|
bos@559
|
967 <orderedlist>
|
|
bos@675
|
968 <listitem><para id="x_4bf">Do you have a web server installed
|
|
bos@675
|
969 at all? Mac OS X and some Linux distributions ship with
|
|
bos@675
|
970 Apache, but many other systems may not have a web server
|
|
bos@675
|
971 installed.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
972 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
973 <listitem><para id="x_4c0">If you have a web server installed, is it
|
|
bos@559
|
974 actually running? On most systems, even if one is
|
|
bos@559
|
975 present, it will be disabled by default.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
976 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
977 <listitem><para id="x_4c1">Is your server configured to allow you to run
|
|
bos@559
|
978 CGI programs in the directory where you plan to do so?
|
|
bos@559
|
979 Most servers default to explicitly disabling the ability
|
|
bos@559
|
980 to run CGI programs.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
981 </listitem></orderedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
982
|
|
bos@584
|
983 <para id="x_4c2">If you don't have a web server installed, and don't have
|
|
bos@559
|
984 substantial experience configuring Apache, you should consider
|
|
bos@559
|
985 using the <literal>lighttpd</literal> web server instead of
|
|
bos@559
|
986 Apache. Apache has a well-deserved reputation for baroque and
|
|
bos@559
|
987 confusing configuration. While <literal>lighttpd</literal> is
|
|
bos@559
|
988 less capable in some ways than Apache, most of these
|
|
bos@559
|
989 capabilities are not relevant to serving Mercurial
|
|
bos@559
|
990 repositories. And <literal>lighttpd</literal> is undeniably
|
|
bos@559
|
991 <emphasis>much</emphasis> easier to get started with than
|
|
bos@559
|
992 Apache.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
993 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
994
|
|
bos@559
|
995 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
996 <title>Basic CGI configuration</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
997
|
|
bos@584
|
998 <para id="x_4c3">On Unix-like systems, it's common for users to have a
|
|
bos@559
|
999 subdirectory named something like <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1000 class="directory">public_html</filename> in their home
|
|
bos@559
|
1001 directory, from which they can serve up web pages. A file
|
|
bos@559
|
1002 named <filename>foo</filename> in this directory will be
|
|
bos@559
|
1003 accessible at a URL of the form
|
|
bos@580
|
1004 <literal>http://www.example.com/username/foo</literal>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1005
|
|
bos@584
|
1006 <para id="x_4c4">To get started, find the <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1007 role="special">hgweb.cgi</filename> script that should be
|
|
bos@559
|
1008 present in your Mercurial installation. If you can't quickly
|
|
bos@559
|
1009 find a local copy on your system, simply download one from the
|
|
bos@559
|
1010 master Mercurial repository at <ulink
|
|
bos@559
|
1011 url="http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgweb.cgi">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgweb.cgi</ulink>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1012
|
|
bos@584
|
1013 <para id="x_4c5">You'll need to copy this script into your <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1014 class="directory">public_html</filename> directory, and
|
|
bos@559
|
1015 ensure that it's executable.</para>
|
|
bos@579
|
1016 <programlisting>cp .../hgweb.cgi ~/public_html
|
|
bos@579
|
1017 chmod 755 ~/public_html/hgweb.cgi</programlisting>
|
|
bos@584
|
1018 <para id="x_4c6">The <literal>755</literal> argument to
|
|
bos@559
|
1019 <command>chmod</command> is a little more general than just
|
|
bos@559
|
1020 making the script executable: it ensures that the script is
|
|
bos@559
|
1021 executable by anyone, and that <quote>group</quote> and
|
|
bos@559
|
1022 <quote>other</quote> write permissions are
|
|
bos@559
|
1023 <emphasis>not</emphasis> set. If you were to leave those
|
|
bos@559
|
1024 write permissions enabled, Apache's <literal>suexec</literal>
|
|
bos@559
|
1025 subsystem would likely refuse to execute the script. In fact,
|
|
bos@559
|
1026 <literal>suexec</literal> also insists that the
|
|
bos@559
|
1027 <emphasis>directory</emphasis> in which the script resides
|
|
bos@559
|
1028 must not be writable by others.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1029 <programlisting>chmod 755 ~/public_html</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
1030
|
|
bos@559
|
1031 <sect3 id="sec:collab:wtf">
|
|
bos@559
|
1032 <title>What could <emphasis>possibly</emphasis> go
|
|
bos@559
|
1033 wrong?</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
1034
|
|
bos@584
|
1035 <para id="x_4c7">Once you've copied the CGI script into place, go into a
|
|
bos@559
|
1036 web browser, and try to open the URL <ulink
|
|
bos@559
|
1037 url="http://myhostname/
|
|
bos@559
|
1038 myuser/hgweb.cgi">http://myhostname/
|
|
bos@559
|
1039 myuser/hgweb.cgi</ulink>, <emphasis>but</emphasis> brace
|
|
bos@559
|
1040 yourself for instant failure. There's a high probability
|
|
bos@559
|
1041 that trying to visit this URL will fail, and there are many
|
|
bos@559
|
1042 possible reasons for this. In fact, you're likely to
|
|
bos@559
|
1043 stumble over almost every one of the possible errors below,
|
|
bos@559
|
1044 so please read carefully. The following are all of the
|
|
bos@559
|
1045 problems I ran into on a system running Fedora 7, with a
|
|
bos@559
|
1046 fresh installation of Apache, and a user account that I
|
|
bos@559
|
1047 created specially to perform this exercise.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1048
|
|
bos@584
|
1049 <para id="x_4c8">Your web server may have per-user directories disabled.
|
|
bos@559
|
1050 If you're using Apache, search your config file for a
|
|
bos@559
|
1051 <literal>UserDir</literal> directive. If there's none
|
|
bos@559
|
1052 present, per-user directories will be disabled. If one
|
|
bos@559
|
1053 exists, but its value is <literal>disabled</literal>, then
|
|
bos@559
|
1054 per-user directories will be disabled. Otherwise, the
|
|
bos@559
|
1055 string after <literal>UserDir</literal> gives the name of
|
|
bos@559
|
1056 the subdirectory that Apache will look in under your home
|
|
bos@559
|
1057 directory, for example <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1058 class="directory">public_html</filename>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1059
|
|
bos@584
|
1060 <para id="x_4c9">Your file access permissions may be too restrictive.
|
|
bos@559
|
1061 The web server must be able to traverse your home directory
|
|
bos@559
|
1062 and directories under your <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1063 class="directory">public_html</filename> directory, and
|
|
bos@559
|
1064 read files under the latter too. Here's a quick recipe to
|
|
bos@559
|
1065 help you to make your permissions more appropriate.</para>
|
|
bos@579
|
1066 <programlisting>chmod 755 ~
|
|
bos@579
|
1067 find ~/public_html -type d -print0 | xargs -0r chmod 755
|
|
bos@579
|
1068 find ~/public_html -type f -print0 | xargs -0r chmod 644</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
1069
|
|
bos@584
|
1070 <para id="x_4ca">The other possibility with permissions is that you might
|
|
bos@559
|
1071 get a completely empty window when you try to load the
|
|
bos@559
|
1072 script. In this case, it's likely that your access
|
|
ori@561
|
1073 permissions are <emphasis>too permissive</emphasis>. Apache's
|
|
bos@559
|
1074 <literal>suexec</literal> subsystem won't execute a script
|
|
bos@559
|
1075 that's group- or world-writable, for example.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1076
|
|
bos@584
|
1077 <para id="x_4cb">Your web server may be configured to disallow execution
|
|
bos@559
|
1078 of CGI programs in your per-user web directory. Here's
|
|
bos@559
|
1079 Apache's default per-user configuration from my Fedora
|
|
bos@559
|
1080 system.</para>
|
|
bos@579
|
1081
|
|
bos@579
|
1082 &ch06-apache-config.lst;
|
|
bos@579
|
1083
|
|
bos@584
|
1084 <para id="x_4cc">If you find a similar-looking
|
|
bos@559
|
1085 <literal>Directory</literal> group in your Apache
|
|
bos@559
|
1086 configuration, the directive to look at inside it is
|
|
bos@559
|
1087 <literal>Options</literal>. Add <literal>ExecCGI</literal>
|
|
bos@559
|
1088 to the end of this list if it's missing, and restart the web
|
|
bos@559
|
1089 server.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1090
|
|
bos@584
|
1091 <para id="x_4cd">If you find that Apache serves you the text of the CGI
|
|
bos@559
|
1092 script instead of executing it, you may need to either
|
|
bos@559
|
1093 uncomment (if already present) or add a directive like
|
|
bos@559
|
1094 this.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1095 <programlisting>AddHandler cgi-script .cgi</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
1096
|
|
bos@584
|
1097 <para id="x_4ce">The next possibility is that you might be served with a
|
|
bos@559
|
1098 colourful Python backtrace claiming that it can't import a
|
|
bos@559
|
1099 <literal>mercurial</literal>-related module. This is
|
|
bos@559
|
1100 actually progress! The server is now capable of executing
|
|
bos@559
|
1101 your CGI script. This error is only likely to occur if
|
|
bos@559
|
1102 you're running a private installation of Mercurial, instead
|
|
bos@559
|
1103 of a system-wide version. Remember that the web server runs
|
|
bos@559
|
1104 the CGI program without any of the environment variables
|
|
bos@559
|
1105 that you take for granted in an interactive session. If
|
|
bos@559
|
1106 this error happens to you, edit your copy of <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1107 role="special">hgweb.cgi</filename> and follow the
|
|
bos@559
|
1108 directions inside it to correctly set your
|
|
bos@559
|
1109 <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment variable.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1110
|
|
bos@584
|
1111 <para id="x_4cf">Finally, you are <emphasis>certain</emphasis> to by
|
|
bos@559
|
1112 served with another colourful Python backtrace: this one
|
|
bos@559
|
1113 will complain that it can't find <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1114 class="directory">/path/to/repository</filename>. Edit
|
|
bos@559
|
1115 your <filename role="special">hgweb.cgi</filename> script
|
|
bos@559
|
1116 and replace the <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1117 class="directory">/path/to/repository</filename> string
|
|
bos@559
|
1118 with the complete path to the repository you want to serve
|
|
bos@559
|
1119 up.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1120
|
|
bos@584
|
1121 <para id="x_4d0">At this point, when you try to reload the page, you
|
|
bos@559
|
1122 should be presented with a nice HTML view of your
|
|
bos@559
|
1123 repository's history. Whew!</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1124 </sect3>
|
|
bos@675
|
1125
|
|
bos@559
|
1126 <sect3>
|
|
bos@559
|
1127 <title>Configuring lighttpd</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
1128
|
|
bos@584
|
1129 <para id="x_4d1">To be exhaustive in my experiments, I tried configuring
|
|
bos@559
|
1130 the increasingly popular <literal>lighttpd</literal> web
|
|
bos@559
|
1131 server to serve the same repository as I described with
|
|
bos@559
|
1132 Apache above. I had already overcome all of the problems I
|
|
bos@559
|
1133 outlined with Apache, many of which are not server-specific.
|
|
bos@559
|
1134 As a result, I was fairly sure that my file and directory
|
|
bos@559
|
1135 permissions were good, and that my <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1136 role="special">hgweb.cgi</filename> script was properly
|
|
bos@559
|
1137 edited.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1138
|
|
bos@584
|
1139 <para id="x_4d2">Once I had Apache running, getting
|
|
bos@559
|
1140 <literal>lighttpd</literal> to serve the repository was a
|
|
bos@559
|
1141 snap (in other words, even if you're trying to use
|
|
bos@559
|
1142 <literal>lighttpd</literal>, you should read the Apache
|
|
bos@559
|
1143 section). I first had to edit the
|
|
bos@559
|
1144 <literal>mod_access</literal> section of its config file to
|
|
bos@559
|
1145 enable <literal>mod_cgi</literal> and
|
|
bos@559
|
1146 <literal>mod_userdir</literal>, both of which were disabled
|
|
bos@559
|
1147 by default on my system. I then added a few lines to the
|
|
bos@559
|
1148 end of the config file, to configure these modules.</para>
|
|
bos@580
|
1149 <programlisting>userdir.path = "public_html"
|
|
bos@580
|
1150 cgi.assign = (".cgi" => "" )</programlisting>
|
|
bos@584
|
1151 <para id="x_4d3">With this done, <literal>lighttpd</literal> ran
|
|
bos@559
|
1152 immediately for me. If I had configured
|
|
bos@559
|
1153 <literal>lighttpd</literal> before Apache, I'd almost
|
|
bos@559
|
1154 certainly have run into many of the same system-level
|
|
bos@559
|
1155 configuration problems as I did with Apache. However, I
|
|
bos@559
|
1156 found <literal>lighttpd</literal> to be noticeably easier to
|
|
bos@559
|
1157 configure than Apache, even though I've used Apache for over
|
|
bos@559
|
1158 a decade, and this was my first exposure to
|
|
bos@559
|
1159 <literal>lighttpd</literal>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1160 </sect3>
|
|
bos@559
|
1161 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
1162
|
|
bos@559
|
1163 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
1164 <title>Sharing multiple repositories with one CGI script</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
1165
|
|
bos@584
|
1166 <para id="x_4d4">The <filename role="special">hgweb.cgi</filename> script
|
|
bos@559
|
1167 only lets you publish a single repository, which is an
|
|
bos@559
|
1168 annoying restriction. If you want to publish more than one
|
|
bos@559
|
1169 without wracking yourself with multiple copies of the same
|
|
bos@559
|
1170 script, each with different names, a better choice is to use
|
|
bos@559
|
1171 the <filename role="special">hgwebdir.cgi</filename>
|
|
bos@559
|
1172 script.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1173
|
|
bos@584
|
1174 <para id="x_4d5">The procedure to configure <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1175 role="special">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> is only a little more
|
|
bos@559
|
1176 involved than for <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1177 role="special">hgweb.cgi</filename>. First, you must obtain
|
|
bos@559
|
1178 a copy of the script. If you don't have one handy, you can
|
|
bos@559
|
1179 download a copy from the master Mercurial repository at <ulink
|
|
bos@559
|
1180 url="http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi</ulink>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1181
|
|
bos@584
|
1182 <para id="x_4d6">You'll need to copy this script into your <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1183 class="directory">public_html</filename> directory, and
|
|
bos@559
|
1184 ensure that it's executable.</para>
|
|
bos@592
|
1185
|
|
bos@580
|
1186 <programlisting>cp .../hgwebdir.cgi ~/public_html
|
|
bos@580
|
1187 chmod 755 ~/public_html ~/public_html/hgwebdir.cgi</programlisting>
|
|
bos@592
|
1188
|
|
bos@592
|
1189 <para id="x_4d7">With basic configuration out of the way, try to
|
|
bos@592
|
1190 visit <ulink url="http://myhostname/
|
|
bos@559
|
1191 myuser/hgwebdir.cgi">http://myhostname/
|
|
bos@559
|
1192 myuser/hgwebdir.cgi</ulink> in your browser. It should
|
|
bos@559
|
1193 display an empty list of repositories. If you get a blank
|
|
bos@559
|
1194 window or error message, try walking through the list of
|
|
bos@592
|
1195 potential problems in <xref
|
|
bos@559
|
1196 linkend="sec:collab:wtf"/>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1197
|
|
bos@584
|
1198 <para id="x_4d8">The <filename role="special">hgwebdir.cgi</filename>
|
|
bos@559
|
1199 script relies on an external configuration file. By default,
|
|
bos@559
|
1200 it searches for a file named <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1201 role="special">hgweb.config</filename> in the same directory
|
|
bos@559
|
1202 as itself. You'll need to create this file, and make it
|
|
bos@559
|
1203 world-readable. The format of the file is similar to a
|
|
bos@559
|
1204 Windows <quote>ini</quote> file, as understood by Python's
|
|
bos@559
|
1205 <literal>ConfigParser</literal>
|
|
bos@559
|
1206 <citation>web:configparser</citation> module.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1207
|
|
bos@584
|
1208 <para id="x_4d9">The easiest way to configure <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1209 role="special">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> is with a section
|
|
bos@559
|
1210 named <literal>collections</literal>. This will automatically
|
|
bos@559
|
1211 publish <emphasis>every</emphasis> repository under the
|
|
bos@559
|
1212 directories you name. The section should look like
|
|
bos@559
|
1213 this:</para>
|
|
bos@580
|
1214 <programlisting>[collections]
|
|
bos@580
|
1215 /my/root = /my/root</programlisting>
|
|
bos@584
|
1216 <para id="x_4da">Mercurial interprets this by looking at the directory name
|
|
bos@559
|
1217 on the <emphasis>right</emphasis> hand side of the
|
|
bos@559
|
1218 <quote><literal>=</literal></quote> sign; finding repositories
|
|
bos@559
|
1219 in that directory hierarchy; and using the text on the
|
|
bos@559
|
1220 <emphasis>left</emphasis> to strip off matching text from the
|
|
bos@559
|
1221 names it will actually list in the web interface. The
|
|
bos@559
|
1222 remaining component of a path after this stripping has
|
|
bos@559
|
1223 occurred is called a <quote>virtual path</quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1224
|
|
bos@584
|
1225 <para id="x_4db">Given the example above, if we have a repository whose
|
|
bos@559
|
1226 local path is <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1227 class="directory">/my/root/this/repo</filename>, the CGI
|
|
bos@559
|
1228 script will strip the leading <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1229 class="directory">/my/root</filename> from the name, and
|
|
bos@559
|
1230 publish the repository with a virtual path of <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1231 class="directory">this/repo</filename>. If the base URL for
|
|
bos@559
|
1232 our CGI script is <ulink url="http://myhostname/
|
|
bos@559
|
1233 myuser/hgwebdir.cgi">http://myhostname/
|
|
bos@559
|
1234 myuser/hgwebdir.cgi</ulink>, the complete URL for that
|
|
bos@559
|
1235 repository will be <ulink url="http://myhostname/
|
|
bos@559
|
1236 myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo">http://myhostname/
|
|
bos@559
|
1237 myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo</ulink>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1238
|
|
bos@584
|
1239 <para id="x_4dc">If we replace <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1240 class="directory">/my/root</filename> on the left hand side
|
|
bos@559
|
1241 of this example with <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1242 class="directory">/my</filename>, then <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1243 role="special">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> will only strip off
|
|
bos@559
|
1244 <filename class="directory">/my</filename> from the repository
|
|
bos@559
|
1245 name, and will give us a virtual path of <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1246 class="directory">root/this/repo</filename> instead of
|
|
bos@559
|
1247 <filename class="directory">this/repo</filename>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1248
|
|
bos@584
|
1249 <para id="x_4dd">The <filename role="special">hgwebdir.cgi</filename>
|
|
bos@559
|
1250 script will recursively search each directory listed in the
|
|
bos@559
|
1251 <literal>collections</literal> section of its configuration
|
|
bos@559
|
1252 file, but it will <literal>not</literal> recurse into the
|
|
bos@559
|
1253 repositories it finds.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1254
|
|
bos@584
|
1255 <para id="x_4de">The <literal>collections</literal> mechanism makes it easy
|
|
bos@559
|
1256 to publish many repositories in a <quote>fire and
|
|
bos@559
|
1257 forget</quote> manner. You only need to set up the CGI
|
|
bos@559
|
1258 script and configuration file one time. Afterwards, you can
|
|
bos@559
|
1259 publish or unpublish a repository at any time by simply moving
|
|
bos@559
|
1260 it into, or out of, the directory hierarchy in which you've
|
|
bos@559
|
1261 configured <filename role="special">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> to
|
|
bos@559
|
1262 look.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1263
|
|
bos@559
|
1264 <sect3>
|
|
bos@559
|
1265 <title>Explicitly specifying which repositories to
|
|
bos@559
|
1266 publish</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
1267
|
|
bos@584
|
1268 <para id="x_4df">In addition to the <literal>collections</literal>
|
|
bos@559
|
1269 mechanism, the <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1270 role="special">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script allows you
|
|
bos@559
|
1271 to publish a specific list of repositories. To do so,
|
|
bos@559
|
1272 create a <literal>paths</literal> section, with contents of
|
|
bos@559
|
1273 the following form.</para>
|
|
bos@580
|
1274 <programlisting>[paths]
|
|
bos@580
|
1275 repo1 = /my/path/to/some/repo
|
|
bos@580
|
1276 repo2 = /some/path/to/another</programlisting>
|
|
bos@584
|
1277 <para id="x_4e0">In this case, the virtual path (the component that will
|
|
bos@559
|
1278 appear in a URL) is on the left hand side of each
|
|
bos@559
|
1279 definition, while the path to the repository is on the
|
|
bos@559
|
1280 right. Notice that there does not need to be any
|
|
bos@559
|
1281 relationship between the virtual path you choose and the
|
|
bos@559
|
1282 location of a repository in your filesystem.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1283
|
|
bos@584
|
1284 <para id="x_4e1">If you wish, you can use both the
|
|
bos@559
|
1285 <literal>collections</literal> and <literal>paths</literal>
|
|
bos@559
|
1286 mechanisms simultaneously in a single configuration
|
|
bos@559
|
1287 file.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1288
|
|
bos@559
|
1289 <note>
|
|
bos@675
|
1290 <title>Beware duplicate virtual paths</title>
|
|
bos@675
|
1291
|
|
bos@675
|
1292 <para id="x_4e2"> If several repositories have the same
|
|
bos@675
|
1293 virtual path, <filename
|
|
bos@675
|
1294 role="special">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> will not report
|
|
bos@675
|
1295 an error. Instead, it will behave unpredictably.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1296 </note>
|
|
bos@559
|
1297 </sect3>
|
|
bos@559
|
1298 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
1299
|
|
bos@559
|
1300 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
1301 <title>Downloading source archives</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
1302
|
|
bos@584
|
1303 <para id="x_4e3">Mercurial's web interface lets users download an archive
|
|
bos@559
|
1304 of any revision. This archive will contain a snapshot of the
|
|
bos@559
|
1305 working directory as of that revision, but it will not contain
|
|
bos@559
|
1306 a copy of the repository data.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1307
|
|
bos@584
|
1308 <para id="x_4e4">By default, this feature is not enabled. To enable it,
|
|
bos@559
|
1309 you'll need to add an <envar
|
|
bos@559
|
1310 role="rc-item-web">allow_archive</envar> item to the
|
|
bos@559
|
1311 <literal role="rc-web">web</literal> section of your <filename
|
|
bos@675
|
1312 role="special">~/.hgrc</filename>; see below for details.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1313 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
1314 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
1315 <title>Web configuration options</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
1316
|
|
bos@584
|
1317 <para id="x_4e5">Mercurial's web interfaces (the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
|
|
bos@559
|
1318 serve</command> command, and the <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1319 role="special">hgweb.cgi</filename> and <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1320 role="special">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> scripts) have a
|
|
bos@559
|
1321 number of configuration options that you can set. These
|
|
bos@559
|
1322 belong in a section named <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
1323 role="rc-web">web</literal>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1324 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
1325 <listitem><para id="x_4e6"><envar
|
|
bos@559
|
1326 role="rc-item-web">allow_archive</envar>: Determines
|
|
bos@559
|
1327 which (if any) archive download mechanisms Mercurial
|
|
bos@559
|
1328 supports. If you enable this feature, users of the web
|
|
bos@559
|
1329 interface will be able to download an archive of whatever
|
|
bos@559
|
1330 revision of a repository they are viewing. To enable the
|
|
bos@559
|
1331 archive feature, this item must take the form of a
|
|
bos@559
|
1332 sequence of words drawn from the list below.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1333 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
1334 <listitem><para id="x_4e7"><literal>bz2</literal>: A
|
|
bos@559
|
1335 <command>tar</command> archive, compressed using
|
|
bos@559
|
1336 <literal>bzip2</literal> compression. This has the
|
|
bos@559
|
1337 best compression ratio, but uses the most CPU time on
|
|
bos@559
|
1338 the server.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1339 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1340 <listitem><para id="x_4e8"><literal>gz</literal>: A
|
|
bos@559
|
1341 <command>tar</command> archive, compressed using
|
|
bos@559
|
1342 <literal>gzip</literal> compression.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1343 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1344 <listitem><para id="x_4e9"><literal>zip</literal>: A
|
|
bos@559
|
1345 <command>zip</command> archive, compressed using LZW
|
|
bos@559
|
1346 compression. This format has the worst compression
|
|
bos@559
|
1347 ratio, but is widely used in the Windows world.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1348 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
1349 </itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
1350 <para id="x_4ea"> If you provide an empty list, or don't have an
|
|
bos@559
|
1351 <envar role="rc-item-web">allow_archive</envar> entry at
|
|
bos@559
|
1352 all, this feature will be disabled. Here is an example of
|
|
bos@559
|
1353 how to enable all three supported formats.</para>
|
|
bos@580
|
1354 <programlisting>[web]
|
|
bos@580
|
1355 allow_archive = bz2 gz zip</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
1356 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1357 <listitem><para id="x_4eb"><envar role="rc-item-web">allowpull</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1358 Boolean. Determines whether the web interface allows
|
|
bos@559
|
1359 remote users to <command role="hg-cmd">hg pull</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
1360 and <command role="hg-cmd">hg clone</command> this
|
|
bos@559
|
1361 repository over HTTP. If set to <literal>no</literal> or
|
|
bos@559
|
1362 <literal>false</literal>, only the
|
|
bos@559
|
1363 <quote>human-oriented</quote> portion of the web interface
|
|
bos@559
|
1364 is available.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1365 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1366 <listitem><para id="x_4ec"><envar role="rc-item-web">contact</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1367 String. A free-form (but preferably brief) string
|
|
bos@559
|
1368 identifying the person or group in charge of the
|
|
bos@559
|
1369 repository. This often contains the name and email
|
|
bos@559
|
1370 address of a person or mailing list. It often makes sense
|
|
bos@559
|
1371 to place this entry in a repository's own <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1372 role="special">.hg/hgrc</filename> file, but it can make
|
|
bos@580
|
1373 sense to use in a global <filename
|
|
bos@580
|
1374 role="special">~/.hgrc</filename> if every repository
|
|
bos@580
|
1375 has a single maintainer.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1376 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1377 <listitem><para id="x_4ed"><envar role="rc-item-web">maxchanges</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1378 Integer. The default maximum number of changesets to
|
|
bos@559
|
1379 display in a single page of output.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1380 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1381 <listitem><para id="x_4ee"><envar role="rc-item-web">maxfiles</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1382 Integer. The default maximum number of modified files to
|
|
bos@559
|
1383 display in a single page of output.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1384 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1385 <listitem><para id="x_4ef"><envar role="rc-item-web">stripes</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1386 Integer. If the web interface displays alternating
|
|
bos@559
|
1387 <quote>stripes</quote> to make it easier to visually align
|
|
bos@559
|
1388 rows when you are looking at a table, this number controls
|
|
bos@559
|
1389 the number of rows in each stripe.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1390 </listitem>
|
|
bos@592
|
1391 <listitem><para id="x_4f0"><envar
|
|
bos@592
|
1392 role="rc-item-web">style</envar>: Controls the template
|
|
bos@592
|
1393 Mercurial uses to display the web interface. Mercurial
|
|
bos@675
|
1394 ships with several web templates.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
1395 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@675
|
1396 <listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
1397 <para><literal>coal</literal> is monochromatic.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
1398 </listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
1399 <listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
1400 <para><literal>gitweb</literal> emulates the visual
|
|
bos@675
|
1401 style of git's web interface.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
1402 </listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
1403 <listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
1404 <para><literal>monoblue</literal> uses solid blues and
|
|
bos@675
|
1405 greys.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
1406 </listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
1407 <listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
1408 <para><literal>paper</literal> is the default.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
1409 </listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
1410 <listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
1411 <para><literal>spartan</literal> was the default for a
|
|
bos@675
|
1412 long time.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
1413 </listitem>
|
|
bos@675
|
1414 </itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@675
|
1415 <para>You can
|
|
bos@592
|
1416 also specify a custom template of your own; see
|
|
bos@592
|
1417 <xref linkend="chap:template"/> for details. Here, you can
|
|
bos@592
|
1418 see how to enable the <literal>gitweb</literal>
|
|
bos@592
|
1419 style.</para>
|
|
bos@580
|
1420 <programlisting>[web]
|
|
bos@580
|
1421 style = gitweb</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
1422 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1423 <listitem><para id="x_4f1"><envar role="rc-item-web">templates</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1424 Path. The directory in which to search for template
|
|
bos@559
|
1425 files. By default, Mercurial searches in the directory in
|
|
bos@559
|
1426 which it was installed.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1427 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
1428 <para id="x_4f2">If you are using <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1429 role="special">hgwebdir.cgi</filename>, you can place a few
|
|
bos@559
|
1430 configuration items in a <literal role="rc-web">web</literal>
|
|
bos@559
|
1431 section of the <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1432 role="special">hgweb.config</filename> file instead of a
|
|
bos@580
|
1433 <filename role="special">~/.hgrc</filename> file, for
|
|
bos@559
|
1434 convenience. These items are <envar
|
|
bos@559
|
1435 role="rc-item-web">motd</envar> and <envar
|
|
bos@559
|
1436 role="rc-item-web">style</envar>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1437
|
|
bos@559
|
1438 <sect3>
|
|
bos@559
|
1439 <title>Options specific to an individual repository</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
1440
|
|
bos@584
|
1441 <para id="x_4f3">A few <literal role="rc-web">web</literal> configuration
|
|
bos@559
|
1442 items ought to be placed in a repository's local <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1443 role="special">.hg/hgrc</filename>, rather than a user's
|
|
bos@580
|
1444 or global <filename role="special">~/.hgrc</filename>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1445 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
1446 <listitem><para id="x_4f4"><envar
|
|
bos@559
|
1447 role="rc-item-web">description</envar>: String. A
|
|
bos@559
|
1448 free-form (but preferably brief) string that describes
|
|
bos@559
|
1449 the contents or purpose of the repository.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1450 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1451 <listitem><para id="x_4f5"><envar role="rc-item-web">name</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1452 String. The name to use for the repository in the web
|
|
bos@559
|
1453 interface. This overrides the default name, which is
|
|
bos@559
|
1454 the last component of the repository's path.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1455 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
1456 </sect3>
|
|
bos@675
|
1457
|
|
bos@559
|
1458 <sect3>
|
|
bos@559
|
1459 <title>Options specific to the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
|
|
bos@559
|
1460 serve</command> command</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
1461
|
|
bos@584
|
1462 <para id="x_4f6">Some of the items in the <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
1463 role="rc-web">web</literal> section of a <filename
|
|
bos@580
|
1464 role="special">~/.hgrc</filename> file are only for use
|
|
bos@559
|
1465 with the <command role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command>
|
|
bos@559
|
1466 command.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1467 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@584
|
1468 <listitem><para id="x_4f7"><envar role="rc-item-web">accesslog</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1469 Path. The name of a file into which to write an access
|
|
bos@559
|
1470 log. By default, the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
|
|
bos@559
|
1471 serve</command> command writes this information to
|
|
bos@559
|
1472 standard output, not to a file. Log entries are written
|
|
bos@559
|
1473 in the standard <quote>combined</quote> file format used
|
|
bos@559
|
1474 by almost all web servers.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1475 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1476 <listitem><para id="x_4f8"><envar role="rc-item-web">address</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1477 String. The local address on which the server should
|
|
bos@559
|
1478 listen for incoming connections. By default, the server
|
|
bos@559
|
1479 listens on all addresses.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1480 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1481 <listitem><para id="x_4f9"><envar role="rc-item-web">errorlog</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1482 Path. The name of a file into which to write an error
|
|
bos@559
|
1483 log. By default, the <command role="hg-cmd">hg
|
|
bos@559
|
1484 serve</command> command writes this information to
|
|
bos@559
|
1485 standard error, not to a file.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1486 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1487 <listitem><para id="x_4fa"><envar role="rc-item-web">ipv6</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1488 Boolean. Whether to use the IPv6 protocol. By default,
|
|
bos@559
|
1489 IPv6 is not used.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1490 </listitem>
|
|
bos@584
|
1491 <listitem><para id="x_4fb"><envar role="rc-item-web">port</envar>:
|
|
bos@559
|
1492 Integer. The TCP port number on which the server should
|
|
bos@559
|
1493 listen. The default port number used is 8000.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1494 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
1495 </sect3>
|
|
bos@675
|
1496
|
|
bos@559
|
1497 <sect3>
|
|
bos@580
|
1498 <title>Choosing the right <filename
|
|
bos@580
|
1499 role="special">~/.hgrc</filename> file to add <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
1500 role="rc-web">web</literal> items to</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
1501
|
|
bos@584
|
1502 <para id="x_4fc">It is important to remember that a web server like
|
|
bos@559
|
1503 Apache or <literal>lighttpd</literal> will run under a user
|
|
bos@559
|
1504 ID that is different to yours. CGI scripts run by your
|
|
bos@559
|
1505 server, such as <filename
|
|
bos@559
|
1506 role="special">hgweb.cgi</filename>, will usually also run
|
|
bos@559
|
1507 under that user ID.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1508
|
|
bos@584
|
1509 <para id="x_4fd">If you add <literal role="rc-web">web</literal> items to
|
|
bos@580
|
1510 your own personal <filename role="special">~/.hgrc</filename> file, CGI scripts won't read that
|
|
bos@580
|
1511 <filename role="special">~/.hgrc</filename> file. Those
|
|
bos@672
|
1512 settings will thus only affect the behavior of the <command
|
|
bos@559
|
1513 role="hg-cmd">hg serve</command> command when you run it.
|
|
bos@559
|
1514 To cause CGI scripts to see your settings, either create a
|
|
bos@580
|
1515 <filename role="special">~/.hgrc</filename> file in the
|
|
bos@559
|
1516 home directory of the user ID that runs your web server, or
|
|
bos@559
|
1517 add those settings to a system-wide <filename
|
|
bos@675
|
1518 role="special">hgrc</filename> file.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
1519 </sect3>
|
|
bos@559
|
1520 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
1521 </sect1>
|
|
bos@675
|
1522
|
|
bos@675
|
1523 <sect1>
|
|
bos@675
|
1524 <title>System-wide configuration</title>
|
|
bos@675
|
1525
|
|
bos@675
|
1526 <para>On Unix-like systems shared by multiple users (such as a
|
|
bos@675
|
1527 server to which people publish changes), it often makes sense to
|
|
bos@675
|
1528 set up some global default behaviors, such as what theme to use
|
|
bos@675
|
1529 in web interfaces.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
1530
|
|
bos@675
|
1531 <para>If a file named <filename>/etc/mercurial/hgrc</filename>
|
|
bos@675
|
1532 exists, Mercurial will read it at startup time and apply any
|
|
bos@675
|
1533 configuration settings it finds in that file. It will also look
|
|
bos@675
|
1534 for files ending in a <literal>.rc</literal> extension in a
|
|
bos@675
|
1535 directory named <filename>/etc/mercurial/hgrc.d</filename>, and
|
|
bos@675
|
1536 apply any configuration settings it finds in each of those
|
|
bos@675
|
1537 files.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
1538
|
|
bos@675
|
1539 <sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
1540 <title>Making Mercurial more trusting</title>
|
|
bos@675
|
1541
|
|
bos@675
|
1542 <para>One situation in which a global <filename>hgrc</filename>
|
|
bos@675
|
1543 can be useful is if users are pulling changes owned by other
|
|
bos@675
|
1544 users. By default, Mercurial will not trust most of the
|
|
bos@675
|
1545 configuration items in a <filename>.hg/hgrc</filename> file
|
|
bos@675
|
1546 inside a repository that is owned by a different user. If we
|
|
bos@675
|
1547 clone or pull changes from such a repository, Mercurial will
|
|
bos@675
|
1548 print a warning stating that it does not trust their
|
|
bos@675
|
1549 <filename>.hg/hgrc</filename>.</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
1550
|
|
bos@675
|
1551 <para>If everyone in a particular Unix group is on the same team
|
|
bos@675
|
1552 and <emphasis>should</emphasis> trust each other's
|
|
bos@675
|
1553 configuration settings, or we want to trust particular users,
|
|
bos@675
|
1554 we can override Mercurial's skeptical defaults by creating a
|
|
bos@675
|
1555 system-wide <filename>hgrc</filename> file such as the
|
|
bos@675
|
1556 following:</para>
|
|
bos@675
|
1557
|
|
bos@675
|
1558 <programlisting># Save this as e.g. /etc/mercurial/hgrc.d/trust.rc
|
|
bos@675
|
1559 [trusted]
|
|
bos@675
|
1560 # Trust all entries in any hgrc file owned by the "editors" or
|
|
bos@675
|
1561 # "www-data" groups.
|
|
bos@675
|
1562 groups = editors, www-data
|
|
bos@675
|
1563
|
|
bos@675
|
1564 # Trust entries in hgrc files owned by the following users.
|
|
bos@675
|
1565 users = apache, bobo
|
|
bos@675
|
1566 </programlisting>
|
|
bos@675
|
1567 </sect2>
|
|
bos@675
|
1568 </sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
1569 </chapter>
|
|
bos@559
|
1570
|
|
bos@559
|
1571 <!--
|
|
bos@559
|
1572 local variables:
|
|
bos@559
|
1573 sgml-parent-document: ("00book.xml" "book" "chapter")
|
|
bos@559
|
1574 end:
|
|
bos@559
|
1575 -->
|
